Something New Under the Sun Review - 1458 Words

Something New Under the Sun: A Review Nicole Desaulnier 997155821 HIS1111 Topics in North American Environmental History Professor Laurel MacDowell February 03, 2009 Ecclesiastes, written by King Solomon towards the end of his life, discusses vanity in terms of items that bring no ultimate value, that many things on earth have a temporary value. He tells readers that â€Å"there is nothing new under the sun† as humankind has pursued individual, short-term profits and gains throughout time and will continue to do so. McNeill contradicts King Solomon in the title of this book and tells his readers that there is indeed â€Å"Something New Under The Sun.† For centuries the human race has repeated the patterns described by King Solomon, but due to†¦show more content†¦The economic system based on horses, trains, coal, and wood was vastly dependent on trees and polluted the air and city streets with smoke, dust, and feces. The switch to petroleum and automobiles did not rely on depleting forests for fuel, resulted in cleaner air, and rid the streets of animal waste. But, as we now know, our petroleum and automobile based economy has created greenhouse gases, vast wastelands, and a hole in the ozone layer. McNeill is also sure to point out that at the time of these changes â€Å"the job of science was to unlock the secrets of nature and to deploy scientific knowledge in the service of human health and wealth† (McNeill, 328). McNeill’s has written a well-researched, well-supported, clear and engaging piece that lacks the depressing overtone of some other works in this genre. The author is able to make many connections throughout the book, often referring to information from previous chapters, creating a work that fastidiously ties together. Throughout analysis, arguments, and science the author is also able to inform the reader of individuals who have had great effects on our environment, including Fritz Haber and Karl Bosch, the fathers of artificial fertilizers, and Thomas Midgley, inventor of leaded gas andShow MoreRelatedDetailed Lesson Plan1479 Words   |  6 Pagesof solar energy in our d aily lives. c. Appreciate of the importance of the sun. II. SUBJECT MATTER â€Å"Solar Energy† References Science and Health V by Jessie Villegas pp.256-257 Activity Workbook in Elementary Science page 48 Materials Power point,Chart, Puzzle, Pictures, Solar Calculator Science Processes Observing, Identifying, Inferring, Classifying Values Infusion Appreciating the importance of sun III. PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activity Pupil’s Activity A. PreparatoryRead MoreOppression of Women in Afghanistan in the Text Aa Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini1141 Words   |  5 Pagespsychological or sexual violence†. This a quote referenced from Harvey Thompsons book review of the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns written by Khaled Hosseini. Hosseini reveals in his novel an aspect of society we do not normally consider. That aspect of society we do not normally consider. That aspect is the systematic oppression of women in Afghan society. I agree that this is an aspect we do not normally consider in New Zealand because we live in a society that does not encourage or condone this typeRead MoreTides1740 Words   |  7 Pageshow are the tide levels of Earth’s bodies of water affected by the Moon? When approaching this question I want to do so with the scientific method in mind. The scientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating pre vious knowledge (Goldhaber amp; Nieto, 2010). The scientific method is a way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments. It is also a good tool when we are searchingRead MorePrison Writings: My Life Is My Sun Dance1414 Words   |  6 Pages| Prison Writings Book Review | Dr. Hansen | | Dillon Ekmalian | 10/1/2010 | The United States is home of the brave, the free, and the land of opportunity. People from countries all around the world come to the United States to better themselves, or to give their children a chance at a better life. Countries of all races and skin colors have come since the land of the Americas was â€Å"discovered,† white, black, brown, and yellow. However, there is a key color missing; theRead MoreAnalysis Of Lorraine Hansberry s The Sun Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesraisin in the sun is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry, who was one of the very first African American ever to have her play performed on Broadway, during the civil rights movement. The play takes place in an uncomfortable small two bedroom apartment which the Younger family stays in. Throughout the play the family faces money, as well as family problems, but when they receive a large check the oldest son lets it get the best of him. According to Frank Ardolino journal article of Hansberryâ€℠¢sRead MoreHong Kong Economic Times Case Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesChanges in consumer behavior b. Substitutes: Online News Platforms c. New Entrants: Free newspapers d. Commoditization of some media products or categories a. Changes in consumer behavior Many of the changes that the industry has faced in the last 20 years have one responsible: the consumer. It is not a secret that people have changed the way they live and interact with others in many ways, and that includes the media (news) consumption. These are some of the habits of the â€Å"modernRead MoreChapter Short Story1601 Words   |  7 Pagesends of his hairs splicing into gray and his legs shaking like noodles, and his body slouched over like a deflated balloon with a cut string. He was resting his hand on the release button. The release button was a mode of transporting ideas to the news and government so they can spread the ideas throughout the world, they would also be sent to the government so they can give approval. The sudden outburst made him flinch with his nerves rising as the blue button pressed down ever so slightly whichRead MoreThe Memorial At The Murdered Jews Of Europe970 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion Jews whose lives were taken under the Nazi regime during the holocaust. The memorial, entitled â€Å"Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe,† has caused a variety of reactions and issued a larger dispute regarding the method by which disturbing events ought to be honored and exemplified visually. A day before the memorial opened, the NY Times released the review, â€Å"A Forest of Pillars, Recalling the Unimaginable,† praising the monument, while The New Yorker’s 2012 review, â€Å"The Inadequacy of Berlin’sRead Morestand your ground law Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesthey stood their ground (Goodman). The concept of the law is a good one, but the specifics of the law need to be reviewed. Although the law has decreased the crime rate, the negative aspects of the law are far too great to be ignored; therefore something has to be done to prevent further miss use of the law. Violent crime rates were up just slightly after the introduction of the law in 2005 and began to decline in 2008. According to an article published in the Tampa By Times by Angie Drobonic â€Å"ByRead MoreThe Universe : The Biggest And Smallest934 Words   |  4 Pagesreclassification, the Kepler space mission, Atoms, particle colliders, and nanotechnology. In 2006, the discovery of Eris, a planetary object larger than Pluto orbiting beyond Pluto, caused for classification of Pluto to come under debate. Ultimately, Pluto along with Eris was reclassified in a new class called Dwarf Planets. Expanding further out of our Solar System, the NASA Kepler space mission launched in 2009 resolved to find Earth-like planets in other galaxies. The documentary shifts to downsizing down

Reasons For The World War I - 1643 Words

Elva Lin Mr. M MWH MW1 17/3/30 Reasons for Germany started WWII In 1919, Treaty of Versailles was made after the World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary was blamed for the Great War and was imposed financial debts and territorial dismemberment on them. Germans could not afford the huge debts and during the 1920s the Great Depression which started in the USA impacted the economies of the whole world. There was high unemployment and the prices of daily necessities were high. The German government was distrusted. People chose to believe a man Adolf Hitler with his extreme ideas, and Racism that promised to make Germany stand up again. After Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933, he had secretly built up a military and†¦show more content†¦According to Abc.News, Germany had signed the debts to pay 269 million gold marks and around 96,000 tons of gold in Treaty of Versailles during 1919. The debts were unaffordable for Germans since they had also lost a lot of properties during the Great War. Followed along the debts tha t they had to pay to the Allies, there were the Great Depression. During 1930, the Great Depression occurs. â€Å"The total number of German workers involved in the unemployment easily reaches four million†(20,000,000 Unemployed in World, Revolutionary Age). Germans were frustrated with the government. Germans were ravenous and overwhelmed. Under this circumstances, the hopeless Germans started to believe that Hitler was the man who could bring the glory of Germany back. The propaganda poster below has shown that people were tiresome of trusting the government. The German words translated into English was â€Å"Our Last Hope— Hitler†. It indicated that Hitler was the last person as a leader they were going to believe. The poster enlarged the name â€Å"Hitler† to emphasize his importance, to attract attention, and to encourage people to join the Nazi Party. Our Last Hope—Hitler Despite how hard the communists tried to rebuild the economy, they failed and were distrusted by the citizens. People became Anti-communism as the Reichstag Fire happened with the rise ofShow MoreRelatedReasons For World War I1926 Words   |  8 PagesThe First World War was one of the single most momentous developments in European history, so much so, that many actually consider World War I the moment where the nineteenth century ended and Europe transitioned into the twentieth century. There are many different reasons for World War I, no event as complicated and important as a war and especially a World War has one cause. One of the most important of these reasons for World War I was an escalation of tensions between Great Britain and GermanyRead MoreReasons for World War I802 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War 1 Essay rewrite There has been many wars since the dawn of man however very few of these wars are as horrific and bloodcurdling as the war in which we call World War 1. The event that started this war was the assassination of Franz-Ferdinand, who was killed by a group called the Black Hand, who was supported by Serbia. This caused countries to take sides and alliance’s to form. Before this war people saw honor in fighting, however the soldiers who returned had a different story to tellRead MoreThe Reason Why Germany Lost World War I854 Words   |  4 Pagespersecuted because Hitler felt that they were the reason why Germany was in such bad economic shape after World War I and they were also the reason why Germany lost World War I. Hitler made this known to the world and different nations agreed with him. But the Jews being the â€Å"scapegoat† began before Hitler became ruler of Germany. Jews have been the scapegoat for many centuries. At one point England had Jews banned from their country. The reason why nations blame Jews first is because they have beenRead MoreReasons Why Germany Lost World War I1902 Words   |  8 PagesThere are many reasons why Germany lost World War I. The Germans were outnumbered, lacked advanced resources, and did not prepare adequately. At the beginning of the war, Germany started out with a very large, well-trained army. The German government had also contributed greatly to their own downfall. They thought that the war would be short, so they enlisted most of the farmers from their fields, and equally demanded all of the horses they were using to pull ploughs. The greatest chance of themRead MoreThe Reasons Behind America Joining World War I727 Words   |  3 Pagesinterests. Thus, the United States must join the Allies in The Great War and defend our country, her interests and her allies overseas in Europe. In this paper the reader will be introduced to the pros and cons of America joining the fight against the Central Powers, an d why it is essential that the country put up a strong fight against the enemy and become involved with the war. Of the advantages of America joining the world war, one of them is protecting our investments and interests overseas.Read MoreEssay on Reasons for United States Involvement in World War I503 Words   |  3 PagesReasons for United States Involvement in World War I At first the public opinion of Americans was firmly set on neutrality. The majority of people had little or no concerns of the affairs of the rest of the world - why should America interfere with the conflicts of other nations? Americans supported a policy of isolationism, and Democrat Woodrow Wilson was re-elected in 1916 on the grounds that he had kept them out of the war. The president also knew only too well thatRead MoreAustralia s Involvement During World War I1226 Words   |  5 PagesAustralia’s involvement in World War helped shape our nation and its history. It also shaped the way other countries see us in today’s society. This report will explain what World War 1 had to do with Australia and why we helped. It will also cover why so many men and women signed up for World War 1 and of course how it started. â€Æ' What caused World War? The long and short term. World War 1 was caused by long term tensions between European nations. This followed the unsuccessful attempt of FranceRead MoreAmerica and War1068 Words   |  5 Pageshas always had a variety of reasons to choose from in explaining their decisions to go to war. The three wars that Americans fought between the end of the 19th century and the mid point of the 20th century involved reasoning as varied as economic benefits or international tranquility. When the United States finally declared war against Spain on 25 April 1898, those in charge of making such decisions had an event with which to convince those who were unsure that war was necessary. The explosionRead MoreThe World s First Global Conflict937 Words   |  4 PagesChantel banks World Literature II Literature Essay March 7, 2015 Illustrations on the Impact of War The world’s first global conflict, World War 1 (1914-1918), opposed the Central Powers of Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria and Hungary against the Allied forces of The United States, Great Britain, Russia, France, Japan and Italy. World War 1 was significant because of the initial appliance of modern technology into warfare; which consequently resulted in an unfathomable amount of soldiers’ deathsRead MoreAnalysis Of A Farewell To Arms1656 Words   |  7 PagesAround the world, works of literature are constantly being banned in schools. Many books are often banned because of their â€Å"offensive views† on the outlook of life and the inappropriateness of its content. â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† is a great informational book; however, the book contains many points that are offensive to readers and it partakes inappropriate content. Therefore, some of the major reasons â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† should be banned is because of the abuse of alcohol, its v iew of the war and the

Tesco Fail in Japan Free Essays

Management Decision Case : Tests Serves Up Japanese Expansion Given the highly competitive nature of the Japanese retail food market and failure of global leaders Wall-Mart and Careful to successfully penetrate the Japanese market, do you believe Deco’s decision to open Tests Express is a good idea? Why or why not? Not a good idea. Why? Cultural differences between the I-J market and the Japanese market for groceries. Japanese doesn’t want change (even Walter and Careful failed). We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Fail in Japan or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, it s difficult to penetrate into Japanese market Tests needs volume (to make profit) due to the operation cost. Japanese only wants their local product (since there is already 40000 convenience store in Japan) Quality Standard. The reason of Walter n Careful failure was the quality since Japanese is willing to pay for higher-quality food that is convenient. Come with express first but no capability since their model works with bigger supermarket (risky) Japan, the world’s third-biggest grocery market remains a difficult country to make money from as International retailers How would you describe the retail strategy for Tests Express as it expands in Japan? Unique mix of convenience store and supermarket featuring higher-quality fresh food, ready-made meals, and certain supermarket items found in its larger, traditional Tests Supermarket. Convenience store offering quality, ready-made food and limited supermarket items (not currently served by traditional Japanese convenience stores such as 7- eleven, Lawson, Circle-K Skunks, or the larger more traditional grocery stores such as Neon and Aide) Focuses on the delivery of fresh ready-made foods. How to cite Tesco Fail in Japan, Papers

Quantifying Construction and Demolition Waste †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Quantifying Construction and Demolition Waste. Answer: Introduction The safe working environment is essential as this ensures the safety of the premises and the people working on the premises. It is the responsibility of the employers or the organizations to create and ensure a safe and healthy working environment. The engineers and the construction workers can create a safe working environment by identifying the potential hazards in terms of the activities at the project site. Therefore, the engineers need conduct risk assessment and identify the hazards in order to avoid them. The government of the countries has certain legal policies and rules that need to be considered by the construction workers to ensure safety in terms of the activities conducted by them at the working site. This report aim towards conducting a detailed risk assessment in terms of the tasks and activities that need to be undertaken and considered while removing the asbestos roof tiles of the buildings of the project. The report also highlights the significance and methods of conducting a risk assessment at a regular interval to ensure and establish the safe working environment. The architecture design of Walka Water Works is presented in the aforementioned diagram. Six different naturally forming fibrous silicate minerals combines to form asbestos. The six fibrous minerals include amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, actinolite, crocidolite and chrysotile (Wu et al. 2014). However, amosite and chrysotile are found in abundance in asbestos. Asbestos is considered as one of the most toxic materials used in the construction sector for roofing, ceiling materials, cement compounds and roofing shingles. Due to the toxic nature of the material, there is a number of health hazards associated with it. Inhalation of toxic asbestos fibers leads to serious lung diseases. The main diseases caused due to asbestos include: Mesothelioma: Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that generally affects the lungs of the individuals due to long exposure and inhalation of the asbestos fibers. This type of cancer affects the pleura of the lungs and arises from the serosal lining of the chest. Mesothelioma arises from the parietal or visceral pleural thereby, diffusing within the pleural space of the lungs by pleural effusion (Hussain et al. 2012). As a result, the lungs are slowly encased by solid mass. Moreover, the tumor spreads directly to the lungs, mediastinum and cross the diaphragm thereby, including the peritoneum (Calabro et al. 2013). The general symptoms of mesothelioma include breathing trouble, persistent cough, nausea, vomiting, and chest pain and weight loss (Carbone et al. 2012). Asbestos related lung cancer: Asbestos related lung cancer is general lung cancer that I caused due to extensive exposure of individuals to asbestos fibers. Asbestos related lung cancer usually starts in the lining of the bronchi (Andujar et al. 2013). However, cancer can develop in other parts of the respiratory system such as trachea, bronchioles, and alveoli. Due to the toxic materials of the asbestos, lung cancer develops when the construction workers inhale the fibers. As the asbestos fibers are resistant to most of the chemical reactions within the human system, catabolism is difficult of asbestos fibers (Antao, Larson and Horton, 2012). As a result, the fibers are deposited in the lungs thereby, leading to the developing lung cancer. Asbestosis: Exposure to asbestos over several years leads to asbestosis. The disease is also known as diffused pulmonary fibrosis, as this is the result of inhalation of asbestos fibers. As the asbestos fibers are thin, needle-like and microscopic, it enters the lungs very easily (Markowitz et al. 2013). After inhalation, the asbestos fibers lodge in the pleura of the lungs. Because of continuous deposition of asbestos fibers in the lining of the lungs, scarring or fibrosis occurs (Wolff et al. 2015). Continuous deposition leads to the formation of tumor thereby, resulting in asbestosis. Asbestosis is generally diagnosed after 40 50 years of asbestos exposure. Pleural thickening: Pleural thickening generally happens when individuals are exposed to heavy asbestos. With time, the asbestos fibers are deposited on the pleural membrane or outer lining of the lungs thereby, resulting in thickening and swelling of the lungs (Jeebun and Stenton 2012). Due to excessive thickening and swelling of the pleural membrane, the lungs get squeezed. This eventually results in chest pain and shortness of breath (Miller, Warshaw and Nezamis 2013). The use of asbestos declined drastically since 1970 and more than 5000 workers die due to asbestos exposure. The fibers of asbestos are highly fire resistant and durable thereby, making it less vulnerable to the majority of the chemical reactions. Due to properties of asbestos, the materials have been used extensively for commercial and industrial purposes. The heat resistance ability of asbestos along with the strength is the main reasons of an extensive use of the material (Ahmed and Hoa 2012). Risk Assessment RISK ASSESSMENT FOR: Removal of asbestos roofs from Walka Water Works Risk Assessment Assessment conducted by: Date: Due date for 1st review Approval by manager Date: Hazard People vulnerable to risk Adverse impact of the hazard Prevention Effectiveness of the measures Y/N/NA On site Adequate Damage caused due to the release of toxic fibers of asbestos into the atmosphere Workers removing the asbestos roofing Asbestosis mesothelioma, pleural thickening lung cancer Taking appropriate precautions in terms of working attires Maintaining the safety protocols Covering the nose and mouth Wearing gloves Washing of hands Spreading of water on the asbestos sheets in the roof to prevent breakages Proper harness, as the removal of asbestos sheets, is conducted at a height Damage caused by the material containing asbestos releasing fibers into the atmosphere Workers removing the asbestos roofing Asbestosis mesothelioma, pleural thickening lung cancer Spreading of water on the asbestos sheets After removal putting the asbestos sheets slowly in order to prevent breakage Covering the asbestos sheets removed from the roof at a distance. Using wheelbarrows and trolleys to carry the asbestos removed sheets to the dumping area Safe Work Method Statements Procedure (in steps): Possible Hazards: Risk Score Safety Controls: Removing asbestos sheets Getting exposed and working in close contact with the electrical cables Maximum Switching off the entire power system of the building wherever possible a well-trained person needs to conduct the procedure. It is difficult to discontinue or isolate the entire electricity of the building where asbestos is removed. Therefore, the circuits and the electrical lines needs to be identified locally and discontinued by a competent electrician. In case light is required for working, the use of generators and portable lights are suggested (Borys 2012) Removing asbestos sheets Release of asbestos particulates in the atmosphere thereby, affecting all the workers and people present High to Extreme (persisting) ?The use of compressed air to discontinue the electricity, removal of electrical powers and using power tools to remove asbestos sheets is advisable to the workers. ?In order to restrict the spread of asbestos fibers, closing the doors and windows of the buildings is suggested (Holt and Allen 2015) ? Spraying and spreading of water and sealant before removing asbestos sheet is advisable if the asbestos sheets have deteriorated and is fragile with time. The workers removing the asbestos sheet need to prevent breaking the sheets. Additionally, the workers must not drop the asbestos sheet rather keep it on the ground avoiding breakage (Frost 2013). It is necessary for the workers to spread water around the nails that was used for attaching the asbestos sheets. Spreading of water will wet the area around the nail. This will make it easier for the cutters to remove the nails thereby, preventing breakage and spreading of the asbestos sheets. All the materials used for attaching the asbestos sheets such as nails and bolts needs to be disposed as asbestos waste. Suitable PPE needs to be worn by the workers engaged in removing asbestos sheets. In order to ensure safety for the workers, they need to take safety measures that include full disposable suits, gloves, safety goggles and boots along with covering the respiratory track completely. The use of P3 dust filter cartridges is suggested. The PPE needs to be replaced by the workers engaged in removing asbestos sheets by using decontamination facilities. Removing asbestos sheets Release of asbestos particulates in the atmosphere thereby, affecting all the workers and people present High to Extreme (persisting) ? The residues on the floor due to asbestos removal need to be sprayed with eater for wetting it. After wetting the residues, HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air) needs to be used that will act as a vacuum. Moreover, the residues collected by the vacuum needs to be put in bags and disposed along with the decontamination of the vacuum parts (Hoshino and Nakamichi 2012). Asbestos sheet removal from the roof The asbestos residues might fall of the ground or on the roof Maximum In order to remove asbestos sheets from the roof, the use of high platforms along with portable scaffolds and scissors are suggested.In case the aforementioned measure is not possible, walkways passage for the workers needs to be laid that is approximately 50 mm wide (Toyokuni 2014). Suitable railings or guard needs to be used around the perimeter of the roof for protection. Safety harness needs to be worn by the workers for ensuring protection according to Australian Standards AS/NZ 1891 Industrial fall arrest systems and devices (Darcey and Feltner 2014) Asbestos sheet removal from the roof Possibility of asbestos sheets falling from roof due to manual handling Average The asbestos sheest needs to removed in such a way that it is not broken. Therefore, in order to prevent breakage, lifting devices such as scaffolds and scissor needs to be used. The asbestos sheet needs to be carefully lowered in the ground with the help of more than one worker. Removal of asbestos sheets on windy days needs to be strictly prohibited. ? Asbestos removal from the site Asbestos particles to the exterior atmosphere where Workers and members of the public may be affected Main priority In order to prevent the damage of the asbestos sheet, a separate place needs to be selected for keeping the asbestos that is removed. For disposal, the asbestos sheets needs to stacked on polythene sheeting and wrapped suitably. The bags containing asbestos needs proper sealing. In order to decontaminate the area where asbestos removal has been conducted, the use of HEPA filter is suggested before leaving the site. The vehicles and site used for asbestos removal needs to be approved by EPA and local authority. The asbestos removal sheets and wastes related to it needs to be put directly put in the dustbins that must be covered by polythene bag, that is, 0.2 mm thick. The bags will be no larger than 1200mm by 900mm (Salazar et al. 2014). Transportation of asbestos materials on site Collisions with pedestrians and the workers on site Main priority The speed of the vehicle transporting asbestos needs to be generally 10 km/hr and needs to be driven maintaining all the traffic rules. It needs to be ensured that barriers and safe access routes for pedestrians and workers supervising pedestrian access routes if heavy equipment is moving in and out of the work site across a pedestrian access point The drivers needs to restrict themselves in engaging in distracting activities such as use of mobile phones, eating and listening to music. Requirements of EPA Measures Undertaken Collection and Storage Asbestos fiber and dust waste According to WHO, the asbestos waste needs to be covered properly to avoid emission (WHO 2015). Moreover, the asbestos waste needs to be stored in bags with specific characteristics that include: The bag should be of heavy duty but low density polyethylene bags with 0.2 mm thick, 0.9 m wide and 1.2 m in length. The waste bags should be tied properly and should not contain more than 25 kg of waste. According to the Australian Standards AS 1319- Safety Signs for the Occupational Environment, the asbestos removal bags should be marked CAUTIOUS ASBESTOS Collection and Storage Any type of asbestos waste If the waste is stored in sealed bags: The bag containing asbestos wastes should be kept in containers that are leak proof. According to the Australian Standard AS 1319- Safety Signs for the Occupational Environment, the bags containing asbestos waste needs to be marked by writing DANGER-ASBESTOS WASTE ONLY-AVOID CREATING DUST. The font size should not be less than 50 mm in size. In order to prevent spillage, the mouth of the container needs to be closely fitted followed by storing the waste in secured area that restricts the entry of unauthorized person. This will help in mitigating the adverse environmental impact. Storage and Collection Stabilized asbestos waste in bonded matrix The asbestos waste stored in the disposal bags needs to water to be sprayed on it. This will prevent the emission of the asbestos dust particles in the air. The asbestos wastes needs to be covered all the time Transportation Any type of asbestos waste The asbestos waste needs o be transported in vehicles that are leak proof. Before leaving the disposal site, the asbestos residues need to be removed properly. Transportation Stabilized asbestos waste in bonded matrix In order to prevent emission of asbestos dust particles, the asbestos wastes needs to be wetted (Paglietti et al. 2012). Disposing Types of asbestos wastes The asbestos waste should be disposed only in authorized lands (Tiwari and Saha 2015). Burial is one of the ways of disposing the asbestos wastes. The asbestos waste should be buried at to a minimum level at the dumping site. Without creating dust emission, the waste must be disposed at the dumping ground. Prior covering the asbestos waste, it should not be compacted. Earthmoving equipment needs to be avoided for asbestos removal. For making roads, the use of these wastes should be prevented. Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that asbestos is a toxic material that consists of six different types of fibers. The asbestos fibers are thin, needle-like and microscopic due to which the fibers can easily enter the lungs of the workers. Due to long time exposure to asbestos, the workers develop fatal diseases such as pleural thickening, asbestosis, mesothelioma and asbestos related lung cancer. In most of the cases, the diseases due to asbestos exposure are diagnosed after 40-50 years thereby, making the treatment difficult. The early symptoms of asbestos related diseases include chest pain, shortness of a breath and persistent cough and cold. Therefore, in order to remove asbestos or work in presence of asbestos, the worker needs to take appropriate safety measures. This will help the workers to prevent the inhalation of asbestos while working. Safety measures that need to be undertaken while asbestos removal includes avoiding working in presence of heat, covering the nose tightly for preventing inhalation of asbestos fibers along with taking extra caution for preventing breakage of the asbestos sheets while removal. Moreover, In order to prevent breakage of the old asbestos sheets, initially, the workers need to spray water on it. This will make the process of asbestos removal easier. References Ahmed, A.F. and Hoa, S.V., 2012. Thermal insulation by heat resistant polymers for solid rocket motor insulation. Journal of Composite Materials, 46(13), pp.1549-1559. Andujar, P., Pairon, J.C., Renier, A., Descatha, A., Hysi, I., Abd-Alsamad, I., Billon-Galland, M.A., Blons, H., Clin, B., Danel, C. and Debrosse, D., 2013. Differential mutation profiles and similar intronic TP53 polymorphisms in asbestos-related lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma. Mutagenesis, 28(3), pp.323-331. Antao, V.C., Larson, T.C. and Horton, D.K., 2012. Libby vermiculite exposure and risk of developing asbestos-related lung and pleural diseases. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine, 18(2), p.161. Borys, D., 2012. The role of safe work method statements in the Australian construction industry. Safety science, 50(2), pp.210-220. Burlet-Vienney, D., Chinniah, Y. and Bahloul, A., 2014. The need for a comprehensive approach to managing confined space entry: summary of the literature and recommendations for next steps. Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene, 11(8), pp.485-498. Calabr, L., Morra, A., Fonsatti, E., Cutaia, O., Amato, G., Giannarelli, D., Di Giacomo, A.M., Danielli, R., Altomonte, M., Mutti, L. and Maio, M., 2013. Tremelimumab for patients with chemotherapy-resistant advanced malignant mesothelioma: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial. The Lancet Oncology, 14(11), pp.1104-1111. Carbone, M., Ly, B.H., Dodson, R.F., Pagano, I., Morris, P.T., Dogan, U.A., Gazdar, A.F., Pass, H.I. and Yang, H., 2012. Malignant mesothelioma: facts, myths, and hypotheses. Journal of cellular physiology, 227(1), pp.44-58. Darcey, D.J. and Feltner, C., 2014. Occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos. In Pathology of asbestos-associated diseases (pp. 11-24). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Frost, G., 2013. The latency period of mesothelioma among a cohort of British asbestos workers (19782005). British journal of cancer, 109(7), p.1965. Holt, A.S.J. and Allen, J., 2015. Principles of health and safety at work. Routledge. Hoshino, T. and Nakamichi, M., 2012. Development of fabrication technologies for advanced breeding functional materials For DEMO reactors. Fusion Engineering and Design, 87(5), pp.486-492. Husain, A.N., Colby, T., Ordonez, N., Krausz, T., Attanoos, R., Beasley, M.B., Borczuk, A.C., Butnor, K., Cagle, P.T., Chirieac, L.R. and Churg, A., 2012. Guidelines for pathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: 2012 update of the consensus statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 137(5), pp.647-667. Jeebun, V. and Stenton, S.C., 2012. The presentation and natural history of asbestos-induced diffuse pleural thickening. Occupational medicine, 62(4), pp.266-268. Markowitz, S.B., Levin, S.M., Miller, A. and Morabia, A., 2013. Asbestos, asbestosis, smoking, and lung cancer. New findings from the North American insulator cohort. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 188(1), pp.90-96. Miller, A., Warshaw, R. and Nezamis, J., 2013. Diffusing capacity and forced vital capacity in 5,003 asbestos?exposed workers: Relationships to interstitial fibrosis (ILO profusion score) and pleural thickening. American journal of industrial medicine, 56(12), pp.1383-1393. Paglietti, F., Malinconico, S., MOLFETTA, V.D. and Giangrasso, M., 2012. Guidelines for asbestos remediation at Italian superfund sites. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 30(3), pp.253-286. Salazar, N., Cely-Garca, M.F., Breysse, P.N. and Ramos-Bonilla, J.P., 2014. Asbestos exposure among transmission mechanics in automotive repair shops. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 59(3), pp.292-306. Tiwari, R.R. and Saha, A., 2015. Knowledge and attitude towards asbestos hazards among asbestos workers in India. The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 6(1 January), pp.465-58. Toyokuni, S., 2014. Iron overload as a major targetable pathogenesis of asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis. Redox Report, 19(1), pp.1-7. Wolff, H., Vehmas, T., Oksa, P., Rantanen, J. and Vainio, H., 2015. Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer, the Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and attribution 2014: recommendations. Scandinavian journal of work, environment health, 41(1), pp.5-15. World Health Organization, 2015. Chrysotile asbestos. World Health Organization. Wu, Z., Ann, T.W., Shen, L. and Liu, G., 2014. Quantifying construction and demolition waste: an analytical review. Waste Management, 34(9), pp.1683-1692.

Religion and Education free essay sample

?U. S. President Dwight D. Howard stated that, â€Å"If our government is not based on deep religious beliefs it has no meaning. † (H. R. Guggisberg, 1988, p. 2) (MENG Xianxia/Cross-cultural Communication Vol. 7 No. 2, 2011, p. 232). Although religion has been a heated topic since the beginning of mankind, we cannot deny the influence it has had in educational institutions through the development of all civilizations. The role of religion in public education is not limited to America alone. Religion and Education are directly related to the development of all societies and cultures. In this paper, I will discuss and explain the influence of religion and education on societies since the beginning of mankind. 1) Religion deals with almost all aspects of human life. 2) History cannot be taught in education without the mention of religious influences on civilizations. 3) The role of religion in public education is not limited to America alone, since the beginning of mankind every civilization has shown some type of evolution within their religious and educational institutions. We will write a custom essay sample on Religion and Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are several examples from different parts of the world to prove how widespread the problem is. 4) All societies and civilizations are made up of individuals that belong to families. Families are the core of all societies and the religious choices of each family will society as a whole. 1) It may have influence in education, marriage, work, and even food. â€Å"American religious education, as a kind of spiritual support, has been playing a supportive role in Americans’ outlook on life, the realization of life value, the shaping of personality, ethic concepts and national spirit. It’s important role is manifested in the economic and political fields. † (MENG Xianxia/Cross-cultural Communication Vol. No. 2 1001, p. 231) Religion influence many aspects of day to day issues such as life choices, dress, and education. As shown in the article, â€Å"Religious Experience and Progressive Education,† published in the American Educational History Journal by Jared R. Stallones, â€Å"A recent survey by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life revealed that fully eighty-four percent of Americans identify themselves as adherents of a specific religion. Eighty-eight percent are absolutely or fairly certain of the existence of God or a universal spirit, including fifteen percent of self-identified atheists. Eighty-two percent of the population considers religion to be very or somewhat important in their lives, and seventy-five percent of Americans, including ten percent of atheists, prayed at least once per week. † (p33) This demonstrates how religion is an important entity in the daily lives of many. This is because religions deal with the human life as a whole. For centuries people have searched for the meaning and truth of their own nature and the nature of the universe, religions are the result. We view religions as communities of people who share practices and beliefs, who gather together in special buildings to worship, and who have a special way of living. More than three-quarters of the world’s population consider themselves members of some kind of religion. Religion influences almost all aspects of human life. It may have influence in education, marriage, work, and even food. 2) The United States was founded on the principles of religion, the citizens of this country can practice whatever religion they like without being persecuted. The liberties provided under the Constitution allow individuals to practice their religious beliefs openly and without judgment. These beliefs provide guidance and structure in the lives of these individuals. â€Å"After the founding of the United States, although the Constitution clearly regulates â€Å"secularism†, religions in America are always closely intertwined with the process of American history, and play a huge impact on the political, economic, legal and cultural fields. American sociologist Richard Newhouse said, â€Å"A basic fact about the United States is that Americans themselves claim that most of them are Christian and the moral foundations of American society are Jewish-Christian morality just as non-Christian believe. † (Zhang, 2007, p. 13) (MENG Xianxia/Cross-cultural Communication Vol. 7. No. 2, 2011). There are thousands of religions and thousand more subdivisions of those. Religions are divided mainly into ancient and modern religions. Not to say that the â€Å"modern† religions just originated in the past couple years, just they are still practiced in present times. Some of the ancient religions include Egyptian, Zoroastria, Greek, Norse, and Celtic. (Source and Cite) 3) People have been shunned, ostracized, sacrificed, and killed because of their religious beliefs. These acts take place because individuals have different views. There are several examples from different parts of the world to prove how widespread the problem is. American society is a blend of secularized and religious elements. Anderson (2004) noted that these two elements have always posed a dilemma for public education. The struggle is how to accommodate both of these societal characteristics. He pointed out that the secular nature of American public culture and its underlying pluralistic character are important aspects of the context for our system of education. The role of religion in public education is not limited to America alone. There are several examples from different parts of the world to prove how widespread the problem is. Thomas (2006) reported a case in France in which a Muslim girl was expelled for wearing a traditional Islamic headscarf. The President supported the move saying that religion should not be permitted in public schools. Islamic leaders protested that the ban was prejudicial, singling out Muslims for discriminatory practices. Hinsliff (2004) reported an interesting controversy in which Christian evangelists in England wanted to have the strengthening of faith teaching in schools. They dropped the idea when†¦ 4) Families are the core of all societies and the religious choices of each family will affect society as a whole. The religious choices of a family will influence an individuals decisions that will in turn affect society as a whole. What in individual puts out into society will come back as their decision and actions affect society as a whole. Religion is an important entity in the lives of many. According to the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, â€Å"Religious freedom includes the right to assemble for private and public worship, determine the conditions of membership, give religious instructions, preach its message publicly, and publish and circulate religious material† (International Religious Freedom, Sec. 2 (3) Article 18). The United States is one of the nations with most fantastic religious background, and in reality religion and religious education permeates all aspects of American life. Religion lies in American family education, school education, political activities and social life, playing a role that cannot be ignored. (MENG Abstract p. 1) Conclusion: Although religion has been and is a heated topic at times and since the beginning of mankind, we cannot deny the fact, the influence it has had in educational institutions through the development of all civilizations, I feel that this is a great thing. â€Å"You will not get very far into any educational issues without somehow bumping into religious themes. † Marty goes on to explains in Christianity and its legacy in education that â€Å"We Americans are taught to think of American society as a secular one in which religion does not count for much, and our educational system is organized in such a way that religious concerns often receive little attention. But if you think for a moment, you may realize that a better question is, where does religion not come into all this? â€Å" (Burke and Segal p. 631). To have religion thwarting together with education is what gives us history. It is what takes us to the next point in life. It gives us guidance and even sometimes warnings. As a young boy that has been brought up in the ministry and to see how religion has played a key role in my life and education†¦I applaud this. It is known that religion and education has been around for thousands of years and I believe it will continue for many more. From teaching your grandson to assemble a tomahawk to worshipping the Greek god of war, people show religion and education in many different ways. As, David P. Setran referenced in the Teachers College Record article More Religion in Education and More Education in Religion: Liberal Progressivism and the Educational Common Faith, 1917-1940, â€Å"The Kingdom of God proved to be a powerful image of the ideal democracy and a powerful representation of religion and education working together to build a better world. It is recommended that future scholars continue to look in other parts of the country and among other individuals to trace these powerful cooperative relation, thus restoring the place of religion as an important source and ally of progressive education. † (p. 1, abstract) (Teachers College Record, v114 n1 2012. 29pp. ) Religion and education have been wedded in western culture for as long as schools have existed, and as long as religious diversity and democratic decision-making endure in American society, then struggles between and about religion and education will continue in American schools (Religious Experience and Progressive Education,† published in the American Educational History Journal by Jared R. Stallones, p33. ) Religion and education has been around for thousands of years and it will continue for many more.

How Successful is Brechts The Good Person of Szechwan as an example of Epic Theatre Essay Example

How Successful is Brechts The Good Person of Szechwan as an example of Epic Theatre Essay Example How Successful is Brechts The Good Person of Szechwan as an example of Epic Theatre Paper How Successful is Brechts The Good Person of Szechwan as an example of Epic Theatre Paper Essay Topic: Play Bertolt Brecht was born in February 1898 in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. Up until 1924 Brecht lived in Bavaria. He declared himself as an anti-militarist at the age of eighteen, and to avoid conscription into the army he decided to study medicine at Munich University, but he ended up carrying out his military service at an army hospital in Augsburg. During this particular period of time Brecht had developed a violently Anti-bourgeois attitude. This was an attitude that seemed to reflect the rest of Brechts generations mounting deep disappointment in the civilization in which they lived that had come crashing down around them at the end of the First World War. Brechts plays are, in the most part, quite apparent and confident, but Brechts own theorizing however is not so clear-cut. Brecht is probably less unique than he is supposed to be. Brecht himself acknowledged a debt to traditional oriental theatre, and his plays also owe a lot to other broad ranges of theatrical conventions, such as, Elizabethan, Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Bavarian Folk-plays, Techniques of Clowns and Fairground entertainers, to list but a few. For Brecht drama demanded that the audiences thought about the emotional and political issues that the play was trying to portray. So based on the Illusionist Theatre Brecht developed his idea of the Epic Theatre. Brecht believed that, The epic invites calm, detached contemplation and judgement; the dramatic overwhelms reason with passion and emotion, the spectator sharing the actors experiences (www. Shunsley. eril. net/armoore/drama/brecht. htm#8). The main difference between Brechts Epic Theatre and the more original Dramatic form of Theatre is that the Epic Theatre demands that the audience recognizes the fact that they are watching a play. The Epic Theatre seeks to turn the audience into an observer but at the same time trys to arouse their ability for action. The other features of the Epic Theatre is that the play will usually have a narrator of some form, who will relate the story to the audience directly, where as the more traditional Dramatic form of theatre would have a plot which would be unravelled as it is acted out upon the stage. In terms of the characters on the stage, Brecht wanted them to be alterable and be able to alter. By this he meant that not only were the characters able to play more than one character in the play, but also they were also able to show how the character they were playing is able to alter throughout the play as it develops. Brecht also wrote his plays so that each scene within the play was free standing and can almost be looked upon as mini plays within the whole play. Brecht developed techniques and devices that engaged his aims on the stage. One particular technique is called, Verfremdung or Alienation Effect. The Alienation Effect was developed to constantly remind the audience that it was only a play that they were watching and not real life. Some of the things that were used to alienate that audience was that Brecht used to refer to his actors as demonstrators, and he believed that they should stand beside that character, not get into the character. The actors and actresses should behave as though they know they are being watched, He expresses his awareness of being watched. This immediately removes one of the European stages characteristic illusions. The audience can no longer have the illusion of being the unseen spectator at an event which is really taking place. (Brecht on Theatre The development of an Aesthetic, Edited Translated by John Willett, pp92, 1993). Another way of breaking with the Illusionist effect was to flood the stage with a harsh white light, regardless of where the action was taking place, and leaving the stage lamps in full view of the audience; Making use of minimal props and using just Indicative scenery; Intentionally interrupting the action at key junctures with songs, in order to drive home an important point or message; and projecting explanatory captions onto a screen or employing placards. Among many of Brechts plays, one of the few that was regarded as the most important was The Good Person of Szechwan, which was written between 1938 and 1941, when he was in exile from the Nazi regime. Based upon Brechts ideas of the Epic Theatre I am going to discuss how successful The Good Person of Szechwan is as an example of Epic Theatre. From the outset this play clearly has quite a few elements of the Alienation Effect that Brecht intended to be evident in his plays. To begin with the play is set in the Chinese Province of Szechwan, so it naturally has an oriental feel to it. The play employs a narrator in the form of the character Wang the water-seller, WANG: I am a water-seller in the capital of Szechwan province. My job is tedious. When water is short I have to go far for it. And when it is plentiful I earn nothing. (The Good Person of Szechwan, Bertolt Brecht, pp3, 2000). It is clear from this quote to establish that Wang the Water-Seller is the narrator of the play, by the way he addresses the audience directly. In this particular quote, which is taken from the Prologue, it feels as though the reader has just met the character personally and they are introducing themselves and the story. Although the narrators direct addressing to the audience adds to Brechts intention of the Alienation Effect, it isnt only the narrator of the play that is able to do this. SHEN TEH: My beautiful shop! Oh, such hopes! No sooner opened, than it is no more. To the audience: The dinghy, which might save us Is straightway sucked into the depths: Too many of the drowning Snatch greedily at it. (The Good Person of Szechwan, Bertolt Brecht, pp20, 2000). Brecht emphasises the Alienation Effect by having other characters directly addressing the audience, which constantly reminds the audience that they are just spectators of a play. The way Shen Teh delivers the last four lines of the above quote seems to drive home an important political or emotional message, another way that Brecht does this is through the use of songs. The songs in a play were also an important factor in establishing the Alienation Effect, and some of the songs from Brechts plays have become quite popular. These songs can seem quite comic, but they very often have a menacing undertone. The most important thing about these songs in Brechts plays was their political or moral content. These songs were often placed at the end or very near the end of a particularly important scene; where there was a point the play writer wanted the audience to reflect upon. In the Good Person of Szechwan there are six songs, all of which are placed at the end of a particularly important scenes or in an interlude. The songs have been purposely placed where they are to drive home to the audience an important moral or political issue that the play writer wants the audience to think about at that moment in time. The use of songs was an important factor for Brecht in his development of the Epic Theatre. He considered that these songs helped the Alienation Effect by breaking up the continuity of the action and helping to prevent any chance of the audience becoming hypnotized by the performance. (A History of the Theatre in Europe, John Allen, pp291, 1983). In the Interlude between Scenes four and five. Shen Teh sings directly to the audience Song of the Defencelessness of the Good and the Gods, which is sung as the character of Shen Teh and as her alter ego Shui Ta. In this song Shen Teh deliberately changes into her cousin Shui Ta so that the audience can see that they are the same person, and the song is sung directly to the audience to make them question their own personal views on whether it is possible to remain good, when everything else about them is bad. Another Alienation effect that features strongly in The Good Person Of Szechwan is the use of masks. This was a custom that was widely used in Chinese theatre. The character of Shen Teh is made to use a mask to take on the persona of her Ruthless cousin Shui Ta. In terms of Brechtian alienation, the mask device in Boesings play functions much as it does in The Good Person of Szechwan. In both instances, the mask distances the actor-character from the role he or she adopts in order to survive in the given society. The audience, then, is invited not only to recognize these roles as pure inventions (though of undeniable power), but also to examine the social conditions which have caused the characters to take on these alternative identities. (Re-interpreting Brecht, his influence on contemporary drama and film, Edited by Pia Kleber Colin Visser, pp151, 1990). The character of Shen Teh in The Good Person of Szechwan is the most alterable character in the play in the fact that she plays both herself and her cousin, and also in the way her character alters as Shen Teh towards the end of the play. In The Good Person of Szechwan it is possible to see that Brecht intended the audience to consider the important political and Moral issues of this play by the way the final scene is written. It was quite common for Brecht to incorporate a Jury Scene in his plays to enable the audience to act as a kind of Jury in the courtroom. Brechts intention is for each individual member of the audience to leave the theatre thinking about the ending of the play. In The Good Person of Szechwan there is closure as far as the three Gods are concerned because they have found their Good Person, but for poor Shen Teh there is no closure as she is still left with all her problems of the poor immoral people of Szechwan sponging off of her, and also the problem of how to tell them that her cousin is really her, and that she isnt really as good as every body thinks she is. This is reflected by Brecht in the Epilogue, where an actor stands in front of the closed curtain and addresses the audience directly, Ladies and Gentlemen, dont feel let down: We know this ending makes some people frown. We had in mind a sort of golden myth Then found the finish had been tampered with. Indeed it is a curious way of coping: To close the play, leaving the issue open Theres only one solution that we know: That you should now consider as you go What sort of measures you would recommend To help good people to a happy end. (The Good Person of Szechwan, Bertolt Brecht, pp109, 2000). To conclude I think that Brechts ideas of the Epic Theatre are very well portrayed in his play The Good Person of Szechwan, and his use of the Alienation Effect within this play really gets the reader or audience thinking about the political and moral issues that the Playwright is trying to portray. I feel that The good Person of Szechwan is extremely successful as an example of Epic Theatre, because of the way that Brecht brings together all of the examples of what makes Epic Theatre and the Alienation Effect to produce this play.

Avon - Hello Tomorrow Campaign

Avon, the oldest cosmetics company in the United States and the world’s largest direct seller, received a much needed boost with Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Andrea Jung, at the helm (Creed and Laichas). Andrea became the company’s first female CEO in 1994, marking the beginning of a brand turnaround (â€Å"Avon Products, Inc. †). From its humble beginning to becoming the cosmetic giant that it is now, Avon has had a number of trials and bounce backs. It’s most recent success, the Hello Tomorrow global campaign was launched in response to lacking sales in 2005 (Elliott). The campaign goal was to restructure the company, reinvest in the brand as well as the sales representatives, all while spreading the word that Avon understands and empowers women all over the globe (Creed and Laichas, Elliott). Avon, originally named the California Perfume Company, was born in the 1880s, when David H. McConnell, a door-to-door book salesman, began to offer small bottles of perfume to the women who would allow him to come into their homes and talk about his books. It did not take him long to figure out that the women were more interested in the perfume than they were the books he was selling. Taking a leap of faith, Mr. McConnell stopped selling books completely to focus on the perfumes. Working from home in New York City, he brewed five different scents which he named the â€Å"Little Dot Perfume Set,† consisting of heliotrope, hyacinth, lily of the valley, violet, and white rose. He intended to sell the perfumes directly to customers utilizing all of the contacts he had made during his time as a traveling door-to-door salesman (â€Å"Avon Products, Inc. †). The first Avon Lady he recruited was the wife of a U. S. senator, Mrs. P. F. E. Albee, of Winchester, New Hampshire. Mrs. Albee was able to recruit and train a sales team of one hundred within the first six months. That number continued to climb steady, to over five thousand after twelve years. The company, excited about the growth, wasted little time in offering new scents to the perfumes along with other products. Ten years after the company’s beginning the first catalog was made, complete with illustrations, and a new production facility was built in Suffern, New York. This is also when the first products bearing the Avon name were released. Mr. McConnell was inspired by the landscape around their new facility, stating it reminded him of William Shakespeare’s home of Stratford-on-Avon, England. This product line consisted of cleanser, a toothbrush, and a vanity set (â€Å"Avon Products, Inc. †). Avon’s sales suffered during the Depression and World War II, however after the war more women began to look for ways of making money that would not interrupt there family life, quadrupling the sales force. In 1954, Avon launched its first television advertisements with the famous, â€Å"Ding Dong, Avon Calling,† slogan. They also jumped into the Latin American market by opening up offices in Puerto Rico and Venezuela. Three years later in 1957, the first office in the United Kingdom was opened with the name, Avon Cosmetics, Ltd. (â€Å"Avon Products, Inc. †) Today, Avon is sold via direct sales by over five million independent sales representatives in one hundred forty three countries, to nearly three hundred million customers (Avon Products, Inc SWOT Analysis 2008). The year 2005 was described by Business Week magazine as a year of collapse for Avon, with the United States, Mexico, as well as Central and Eastern Europe sales less than expected. CEO Andrea Jung stated that it was a tough year, but one that she would learn from. She learned a lot about both herself and the business. Publically making these statements were seen by many to be on of her defining moments, she practiced humility, which is one of Avon’s founding principles. The Hello Tomorrow campaign was a long time in the making, one that required changes not only in their marketing strategy, but also in the entire company’s way of operating (Creed and Laichas). Turing the company around was not an easy task. The company had always been run according to its entrepreneurial beginning; it had to be transformed into a globally integrated and managed business. In order to accomplish this transformation and remain the top spots in both the direct selling and cosmetics industries would require a large monetary investment. CEO Andrea Jung stated, â€Å"We needed to sustain investment in the brand, step up investment in our channel, and continue to drive out costs and manage for the long term. † Avon had to completely reorganize itself. CEO Jung believes that you have to base your organizational structure according to your strategy. With Avon, the company had become too large to function properly on the way it had been organized (Creed and Laichas). The Avon management team decided to do what they could to free up just over seven million from restructuring and analyzing costs, along with other changes, and then reinvest the money back into the company through both representatives and the brand (Creed and Laichas). Avon hired the advertising firm, Soho Square in New York, to begin developing the creative aspect of this global campaign, set to launch in the spring of 2007. Nicola Bell, a client services director for Soho Square, knew that the Avon name was a classic; they just needed a fresh jump start to firm the brand into the minds of consumers (Elliott). While analyzing costs, CEO Jung discovered that the current fifteen layers of management were no longer necessary. It could easily be cut back to eight layers, saving the company two million dollars. Four thousand five hundred, middle to senior management, representatives from all around the world would be removed from their positions. CEO Jung went to meet with all members of management face-to-face to let them know about the â€Å"de-layering,† as she called it. This was done before any decisions on who would go and who would stay were made (Creed and Laichas). Holding true to the decision to invest in the representatives, Avon changed the compensation plan to a universal multilevel plan and also reevaluated the commission rates, which vary depending on the market. They also took a close look at the frequency of the advertising campaigns they ran in Central and Eastern Europe, deciding to put more into their marketing efforts there (Creed and Laichas). One of the company’s biggest investments was in technology. A more user friendly website was created for representatives to use. It quickly became a much more efficient way for independent sales representatives to run their business. They can easily place orders, check product availability and process returns. Independent sales representatives even have the ability to generate prospective emails from the website. They can choose one for a given campaign or they can design their own. This investment in technology proved to be one of the company’s strengths, making Avon’s SWOT Analysis, compiled by Datamonitor, in April of 2007 and June of 2008 (Avon Products, Inc. SWOT Analysis 2007, 2008). The company also invested over ninety million dollars on brand advertising. The Hello Tomorrow campaign integrated both brand and channel, another first for the company. CEO Jung was quoted as saying, â€Å"The channel or the brand, that’s a very deliberate and strategic question, and I think the power of Hello Tomorrow, and Avon in its second chapter, is we can do both,† when asked about the strategy. She believes that by the company raising the brand so highly excites the representatives as much as it does the final customers, motivating them to drive their campaigns harder (Creed and Laichas). In yet another first for Avon, they made all prospecting and marketing materials around the globe look the same, from handouts, to television commercials, to the brochures. By using this massive, uniform, global campaign Avon hopes to portray the company’s enthusiasm for both the beauty industry and their channel onto others and building morale among the remaining workers (Elliott). The first two commercials Avon launched for the Hello Tomorrow campaign were focused on recruiting more independent sales representatives. One was based primarily on the traditional sales techniques of door-to-door selling, emphasizing the excitement of the sale as well as the strength of the brand. The other commercial focused on the flexibility of running an online Avon business, thus allowing women who may not have enough time for traditional sales the option of sticking strictly to sales via the internet. Avon is confident that the products will sell themselves once people try them, the more sales representatives they have pushing their product the better off they are (Elliott). Happy with the results of the campaign in Avon test markets, including Brazil and China the Hello Tomorrow campaign was officially launched. The company found that their two different advertising strategies would payoff by targeting women on an emotional level (Elliott). Continuing to fulfill what Avon views as their social obligation to women, it was announced on August 1, 2007, that actress Reese Witherspoon had joined the Hello Tomorrow team as the first ever Avon Global Ambassador and honorary Chairman of the Avon Foundation. The Avon Foundation was developed to focuses on improving the lives of women, ending domestic violence, finding a cure for breast cancer, and instigating emergency relief standards. During her induction speech Reese said, â€Å"Avon is more than an iconic world class beauty leader. It is a company that is known the world over as a crusader for women’s causes. I’m] proud to be joining the great philanthropic work [that Avon has established],† (â€Å"Reese Witherspoon is An Avon Woman†). In addition to adding the fresh faced beauty on board, Avon also set up a global Hello Tomorrow Fund. In the United States, five thousand dollars is given out weekly to women who submit their name to Avon. The compa ny chooses people with ideas, projects, or programs that empower women and improves society. Each country where funds are received have set up their own guidelines unique to their culture (â€Å"Avon Hello Tomorrow Fund†). The re-branding strategy Avon used with the Hello Tomorrow campaign is listed as an opportunity on the company’s SWOT Analysis dated June 18, 2008. One of Avon’s biggest threats is their competition; L’Oreal, Revlon, Procter Gamble and Estee Lauder are all waiting in the wings for Avon to stumble. From the time the Hello Tomorrow campaign rolled out until the time the 2008 SWOT analysis was compiled, Avon had a sixteen percent growth in profit from their Color Line and a twenty percent growth in their fragrance line (Avon Products, Inc. SWOT Analysis 2008). Now that CEO Andrea Jung restructured the management team, those at the higher levels are closer to both representatives and the market; they believe that this will help them keep a handle on this ever changing business. Andrea stated that â€Å"We now manage this business for the long term and make the decisions not just for the next quarter but for what is good for the business in the long term,† (Creed and Laichas). Avon’s next global launch will be for a new fragrance, Bond Girl 007, which they have teamed up with James Bond entertainment franchise to develop, it will be released October of 2008 (Avon Products, Inc. SWOT Analysis 2008). https://help.ebsco.com/interfaces/EBSCOhost/EBSCOhost_FAQs/How_do_I_set_up_direct_links_to_EBSCOhost_profiles_and_or_databases http://www.bellarmine.edu/library/proxy_link_ebsco/ http://bu-branding.blogspot.com/2007/03/ http://coelhathoughtsjland.blogspot.com/2008/04/happy-freedom-dayfridayreese.html

Design your own greenhouse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Design your own greenhouse - Assignment Example be applied to each variety in order to enhance the best conditions for photosynthesis.if the temperature does not match the variety, growth is inhibited since respiration increases over photosynthesis. Very low temperatures inactivate the enzymes of photosynthesis while very high temperatures denatures the enzymes. At low temperatures there is a low uptake of carbon dioxide For high photosynthesis to be enhanced, the optimum temperatures of 15-40 degrees Celsius should be maintained. Light- plants make more food under a high quantity of light and photosynthesis is low in low quantity and hence low growth rate. The quality of light determines the amount of light absorbed by plant leaves for photosynthesis. Green light is barely absorbed as it is reflected away. Blue light helps leaf growth and also encourages flowering. Plants exposed to light for a long duration absorbs more light for photosynthesis. The light reactions take place in the thylakoid while the dark reactions take place in the stroma. A blue colour filter should be used in the greenhouse as it’s the best quality for a high growth rate. Air pollutants like dust particles and smoke should be avoided as they reduce light

End Stage Renal Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

End Stage Renal Disease - Essay Example A number of healthcare programs have come to the aid of ESRD patients in the United States, among them Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance (Sullivan 47). Through these programs, it is evident that healthcare provision is an expensive undertaking. As healthcare costs in this line exacerbates, the different forms of ESRD treatment do not seem to have a significant difference in terms of costs. Hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis exhibit significant differences in the mode of treatment employed, but the costs incurred are roughly the same. This implies that the choice on the mode of treatment to use on patients remains a critical decision that nephrologists have to make. Another critical aspect to capture in addressing ESRD concerns is reimbursement. Despite the relative treatment differences in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (CAPD and CCPG), the reimbursement structure is the same (Sullivan 49). The government, through its various healthcare programs, and insurance companies continue to direct funds and resources to the coverage of qualifying patients and subscribers respectively. The reimbursement structuring has remained relatively the same, characterized by an ever rising trend in healthcare costs. Both nephrologists and ESRD patients have had substantial decisions to make regarding the reimbursement structure and the various treatment options available. There are a number of economic concerns that revolve around ESRD patients and their daily lives. To start with, these patients can hardly maintain permanent employment, meaning that their income earning continuity is relatively curtailed. This translates to a financial challenge to the patient and his/her dependents if any. Secondly, government healthcare programs and insurance companies do not necessarily provide 100% coverage. This means that the patients have additional costs to meet, especially in terms of acquiring ancillary drugs. Resulting to dialysis or kidney

Brainwashing Our Future Essay Example for Free

Brainwashing Our Future Essay Around the globe today, the belief that a perfect body existing is at an all-time high. With airbrushing being used on practically every photo of actors/actresses/models, young adults get the false sense that they have to be a specific way to be prefect or normal even. It’s unjust that airbrushing photos leads these young adults to hate on themselves or on others for not being something that, in all reality, isn’t even real. Airbrushed photos of modern idols case teenagers to participate in unhealthy eating disorders, to bully fellow peers, and to obtain emotional problems that will stay with them for a lifetime. With airbrushing of photos also comes the unhealthy practice of eating disorders in young adult, especially young women, to fulfill the belief that doing so will result in having â€Å"matched up to their beauty and perfection† (Petten Van). Disorders like anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating have become most commonly found in the adolescent population because of these photos. In general, teen girls grow up seeing airbrushed photos which cause the desire to be â€Å"perfect†, later resulting in eating disorders. 42% of 1st to 3rd grade girls want to be thinner and 86% females report onset of eating disorder by age 20; 43% report onset between ages 16 and 20 (â€Å"Eating Disorder Statistics†). As a result, death rate of young adults has increased immensely and continues to surrender the hope of ever ending the cycle of teen disorders. Generally, as the number of adolescents who attain an eating disorder increases, so does the number of deaths to the teen populatio n. Airbrushing also contributes to bullying. Young adults are given the idea that one has to be a specific way in order to be accepted, so as a rule, teenagers bully one another out of jealousy or belief that all should fit what is seen as the norm due to airbrushing. But in return, there is the â€Å"5% of Americans that naturally possess the body type portrayed in magazine images† (â€Å"Eating Disorder Statistics†). That 5% is also bullied by those brainwashed by society to see it as the standard form. It makes sense that â€Å"a healthy girl does not have a solid sense of who she is and can be very susceptible to thinking one should look like the models, even though the model is airbrushed and really only a fantasy† (Cooper). Demi Lovato, a young teen pop star, has â€Å"openly aired her troubles† many times, describing the effects eating disorders and bullying that resulted from social media, like airbrushed photos, had on her life (LaPort). Bullying is the result of teens not having many idols that are raw and â€Å"going through what many of them are† (LaPort). Summing up the overall affect airbrushing has on adolescents comes down to these: emotional predicaments that can stay on one’s heart and mind until the very last breath. As a victim of bullying, my cousin Morgan shared her thoughts and feelings on her experiences. â€Å"The things they said were so harsh†¦unforgettable,† she whispered. â€Å"Every day I look at myself and repeat those words, even though I physically know they aren’t true.† She is one of â€Å"160,000 children who miss school every day due to fear of attack or intimidation by other students† (â€Å"Make Beats Not Beat Downs: Facts and Statistics†). Bullying and eating disorders do not have short term effects, and can affect even the most confident person on the planet. These long term emotional situations are hurting the young minds of society and it all comes back to the pointless use of airbrushing. Some believe airbrushing is â€Å"just and image†¦a fantasy if you will†, regardless of the effect it has on adolescents (Cooper). Which is true, but teenagers are at the point of learning who they are and look to these photos of their idols to help decide, or figure out, who exactly is it that they see themselves being as adults. Others believe that airbrushing protects the eyes of younger minds from inappropriate matters like tattoos, thongs, or smoking. In response, the sooner one learns what the real world has to offer, bad and good, the sooner one realizes that everything isn’t perfect and can make decisions based on actual matters. Parents cannot protect children from the ideas of society surrounding them no matter how much they try. Would one rather children learn by looking at something everywhere around them or by hearing it from a mind not brainwashed by the wrong doings? The governments that allow the use of airbrushing on models and actors could easily pass a law to ban the deceptive practice of airbrushing. But the government won’t act unless the citizens act upon it first. By celebrities themselves opposing the act of an artist reconstructing their photos, and sewing them if done regardless, soon enough there won’t be any airbrushed photos to be released to the public. Previous victims of eating disorders or bullying should take a stand and tell the government, and its people, just how badly these photos affect the generations of society today. If not stopped now, then when will airbrushing ever come to an end? It’s time to end it and stop brainwashing our future. Works Cited A) Catapano, Rosanna. ANAD (The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders) n.p. n.d. Web. 22 March 2013. B) Diller, Vivian. â€Å"Is Photoshop Destroying America’s Body Image.† Huffpost Post. N.p. n.d. Web. 22 March 2013. C) Petten Van, Vanessa. â€Å"Photoshop: The Effect On Teen Girls and Why It Needs to be Banned.† Radical Parenting. n.p. n.d. Web. 22 March 2013.

Benito Mussolini :: essays research papers

Benito Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883 outside the village of Dovia di Predappio in the Northeastern Italian province of Forli. He had one sister and one brother. They always fought and argued over little petty things with each other. His sister name was Edvige and his brother’s name was Armaldo. His mother Rosa Malteni was a well respect and appreciated schoolteacher. His father Allesandro Mussolini was both a blacksmith and a committee socialist. He received his name "Benito" from the Mexican Revolutionary Juarez. Benito grew up as a delinquent, disobedient, and did not have any manners. He was a bully to the other children around him. He would get into numerous of fights with other children. Benito Mussolini was brought up in one the poorest regions in Northeastern Italy. When he was in school, he always kept to himself and very quiet. He wasn’t a class clown, never cried or rarely laughed. He always sat in the back of the classroom and read a book. He rather do that than play with the other children in his class. He got kicked out his first boarding school. When he was growing up he was surrounded by many political philosophies. There was anarchism, socialism, and others. Both Benito and his father Allesandro had very bad violent tempers. When Benito grew up, he became a teacher in an elementary school in his nearby town; he spread the party of doctrine. He was an editor, Fascist leader, laborer, soldier, politician, and revolutionary. He also became a socialist. He graduated at a teacher training school in Forli, Italy. Then he moved to Switzerland to find a better place to work. When he was in Switzerland, he got in trouble with the law for fighting and vagrancy. So he decided to move back to Italy but in Trent. When he returned he worked for a Social Newspaper Company and wrote several literacy works. The newspaper was called "La Lotta di Classe (The Class Struggle). The towns’ people loved his newspaper. He made the editor of "Avanti" (forward); it was published in Milan. When Benito wrote some ignorant and cruel suggestions and ideas in the newspaper. So the he was fired. He then decided to created his own newspaper. He called it, "Li Popolo d’ Italia" (The People of Italy). He hoped the war between Italy and Turkey might lead to collapse of society that might bring him to power.

Birth of a Nation: Art or Propaganda Essay

Mankind, engaging in war, driven by whatever instincts guide him, seeks to keep the defeats and victories of battle in his memory and on his conscience. To accomplish this men have used paint and canvas, ink and paper, or instrument and song in their effort to communicate the tragedy and glory of war. Never, before the career of D. W. Griffith had anyone attempted to bring the subject to film. The result of his efforts, weaknesses aside, mark a change in attitude towards film as a media. Perhaps audiences previously going to a picture expected emotional manipulation. After all, years before the film Birth of a nation, makers of film employed techniques to evoke pathos from viewers; whether through the use of a sobbing mother, a frightened child or what have you. In this respect the film was not a ground-breaker; However, through its effective use of devices such as symbolism, foreshadowing and allusions, as well as building on and arguably perfecting film techniques such as continuity editing, intercutting and close-ups, he transformed film from mere entertainment to art and propaganda. To present and explore a theme, symbolism is used everywhere in literature. Whether the image is subtle or obvious it is regardless a sign of considerable calculation and effort. In Birth of a nation Griffith places symbols everywhere, in doing this he merges literary devices of written works with his own visual works. For instance, the parched corn symbol in the scene where the southern army is eating symbolizes their desperation in the face of defeat. This imagery proves that Griffith wasn’t just presenting actors and a plot, he intended to dig far deeper than that, into the realm of a clever storyteller. Another example of his unique style is the use of foreshadowing, another literary device now commonly employed in film. The most prominent example of this is the scene where two gentlemen are talking, and as the camera pans down, we see a puppy struggling with a kitten. This is another strong example of symbolism; however, even more importantly it foreshadows the coming war. It is expertly placed to add to the building tension between sides which the audience already knows results in confrontation. Its placement reflects Griffiths desire to advance the complexity and diversity of film beyond entertainment to higher levels in society. To manipulate his audience’s emotions, he first had to draw them into the story and in turn into the stories underlying theme. He accomplished this by using numerous virgin film tools, much as an artist uses his own tools to create a believable painting. Among these tools he uses panoramas to illustrate setting, to paint, if you will – a moving picture. To show the swell of heated gunfire on a crowded battlefield i. e. the scene of the battle of Petersburg, or to bring across image of the delicate beauty of his native southern land to those who had never been there or seen a picture of it. This was the substance that transformed film into a genuine art form. Once he had the attention and anticipation of the audience, as well as their almost guaranteed acceptance of his word, he merely had to feed them a easily grasped, recognizable message to sway their emotions his way. This method of classic propaganda was used to fuel the audience’s already considerable ill-founded hatred of blacks. It comes in the form of a rebel black group who terrorizes the Cameron family, the film’s main characters. By placing blacks in this position it isn’t difficult to imagine the reaction of an average theatre goer. The film spawned riots, fired up racism, built stronger the negative stereotypes of blacks. It portrayed them as lazy, as illustrated in the black parliament, where a man rests his bare feet on a desk, alluding to uselessness in the employment environment. More horrifyingly than that it portrayed them as ultimately evil with the seizing of the Cameron’s home and the attempted rape of one of their daughters. The obvious bias presented, although appalling, demonstrates just how effective Griffith was at utilizing film not with the intention to merely entertain, but to spread propaganda and affect the perceptions of society itself. Griffith exploited his audience, he turned them against minorities and themselves. The film Birth of a nation exemplifies ignorance and hate at its worst. Although it stands for something that today is looked on as morally wrong, it proves by this very reaction that the film is not just mere entertainment, but something with a far more serious purpose. Since Griffith was the first to accomplish something of this nature, Birth of a nation therefore marks the transformation of film from pure entertainment into art and propaganda.

Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay

Introduction A major problem in modern day society, of course, is criminals. It is believed by some that some people are born criminals, that they just have a genetic make up to do ‘bad things’, but for those who know better, we know this is nowhere near true. Criminals are formed by their environment, life experiences, and other situational factors. You can have the exact same two individuals and raise them in separate places and although they are genetically and physically the same, they will grow up and mature into totally different individuals because, let’s face it, our environment and society rounds us into the type of people we are. So what needs to be done? It goes without saying that criminals and delinquency needs to be stopped, it ends in thousands of pointless deaths state wide and property damages can reach into the millions. The goal is to specifically find out what breeds a criminal, or a delinquent, and try to alter or deter them from the life they are inevitab ly going to have; A life of crime. ​ Methodology If delinquency is really a rational choice and a routine activity, then delinquency prevention is a matter of three strategies: prevention by convincing potential delinquents that they will severely punished for committing delinquent acts, then they must be punished so severely, that they never want to commit crimes again, or make it so difficult to commit crimes that the potential gain is not worth the risk. The first of these strategies is called general deterrence; the second is specific deterrence, and the third, situational crime prevention. ​General deterrence concept holds that the choice to commit delinquent acts is structured by the threat of punishment. If it believed that kids are going to get away with a crime, they are more likely to commit one. On the other hand, if they believe that their illegal behavior would result in apprehension and severe punishment, then only the truly irrational would commit a crime, the rest would be deterred. The main principle to the general deterrence theory is that the more severe, certain, and swift the punishment is, the greater the  deterrence effect will be. Even though particular crimes have certain punishment, there will be relatively no deterrent if they individuals feel as if they will not get caught. Conversely, even a mild sanction may deter crime if people believe punishment is certain. So if the justice system can convince would-be delinquents that they will get caught for the commission of a crime, they may decide that the risk is not greater than the reward and avoid the illegal act a together. ​One might argue that kids are not deterred by the fear of punishment because juvenile justice is based on the parens patriae philosophy, which mandates that children be treated and not punished. This greatly limits the power of the law to deter juvenile crime. In recent years, the increase in teenage violence, gang activity, and drug abuse promoted a reevaluation of deterrence strategies. Police wisely began to focus on particular problems in their jurisdiction rather than merely reacting after a crime has occurred. In result, po lice are now more willing to use aggressive tactics called drug-busting units. The result of this would be to deter membership in drug trafficking gangs. Juvenile courts also initiated a deterrence strategy. Juvenile court judges have been willing to waive youths to adult courts; prior record may outweigh an offender’s need for services in making this decision. Legislators seem willing to pass more restrictive juvenile codes featuring mandatory incarceration sentences in juvenile facilities, and the number of incarcerated juveniles continues to increase. Adolescents are not even spared capital punishment: the U.S. Supreme Court has upheld the use of the death penalty for youths over 16. ​The effectiveness of general deterrence strategies is a topic of considerable debate. A number of studies have contributed data supporting deterrence concepts. Evidence indicates that the threat of police arrest can deter property crimes. Areas of the country in which punishment is more certain seem to have lower delinquent occurrences; the more likely people are to anticipate punishment, the less likely they are to commit crimes. Although the findings are persuasive, there is actually little conclusive evidence that the threat of apprehension and punishment alone can deter crime. More evidence exists that fear of social disapproval and informal pena lties, criticisms, and punishments from parents and friends may actually be the greater deterrent to crime than legal punishments. Because deterrence strategies are based on the idea of a rational, calculating offender, they  may not be effective when applied to immature young people. Minors tend to be less capable of making mature judgments about their behavior choices. It is also possible that for the highest risk group of young offenders, the deterrent threat of formal sanctions may be irrelevant. In sum, deterring delinquency through the fear of punishment may be of limited value because children may neither fully comprehend the seriousness of their acts nor the consequences they may face. Though in the surface deterrence appears to have benefit as a delinquency control device, there is also reason to believe that is has limited demonstrable effectiveness. ​The theory of specific deterrence holds that if offenders are punished severely, the experience will convince them not to repeat their illegal acts. Although general deterrence focuses on potential offenders, specific deterrence targets offenders who have already been convicted. Juveniles are sent to secure incarceration facilities with the understanding that their ordeal will deter future misbehavior. Specific deterrence is a popular approach to crime control today. Unfortunately, relying on punitive measures may expend rather than reduce future delinquency. ​Institutions have quickly become overcrowded and chronic violent offenders are packed into swollen facilities with juveniles who have committed non-serious and nonviolent crimes. The use of mandatory sentences for some crimes means that kids who are found to have committed those crimes must be institutionalized; first time offenders may be treated the same as chronic recidivists. Literature Review Some research studies show that arrest and conviction may under certain circumstances lower the frequency of re-offending, a finding which supports specific deterrence. However, other studies suggest that punishment has little real effect on reoffending and in some instances may in fact increase the likelihood that first time offenders will commit new crimes. Why does punishment encourage rather than reduce delinquency? According to some experts, institutionalization cuts youth off from prosocial supports in the community, making them more reliant on deviant peers. Incarceration may also diminish chances for successful future employment, reducing access to legitimate opportunities. Punishment strategies may stigmatize kids and help lock offenders into a delinquent career, putting emphasis on the expression â€Å"prison breeds better criminals†. ​Rather than deterring or punishing  individuals in order to reduce delinquency rates, situational crime prevention strategie s aim to reduce the opportunities people have to commit particular crimes. The idea is to make it so difficult to commit specific criminal acts that would-be delinquent offenders will be convinced that the risks of crime are greater than the rewards. Controlling the situation of crime can be accomplished by increasing the effort, increasing the risk, and/ or reducing the rewards attached to delinquent acts. ​Increasing the effort to commit crime can involve target hardening techniques such as placing steering locks on cars and putting unbreakable glass on storefronts. Some successful target hardening efforts include installing a locking device on cars that prevents drunken drivers from starting the vehicle. Access control can be maintained by locking gates and fencing yards. The facilitators of crime can be controlled by such measures as banning the sale of spray paint to adolescents in an effort to cut down on graffiti, or having photos put on credit cards to reduce their value if stolen. Increasing the risks of crime might involve such measures as improving surveillance lighting, creating neighborhood watch programs, controlling building entrances and exits, installing burglar alarms and security systems, and increasing the number of private security officers and police patrols. The installation of street lights may convince burglars that their entries will be seen and reported. ​Reducing the rewards of crime could include strategies such as making car radios removable so they can be kept at home at night, marking property so that it is more difficult to sell when stolen, and having gender neutral phone listings to discourage obscene phone calls. ​Although there is really no way to completely predict which children will behave in delinquent and criminal ways in the future, there are a multitude of risk factors that have been shown to correlate with these behaviors. Fetal substance exposure, prenatal difficulties, an abusive and violent family are all risk factors related to poorer executive functioning. This weakness is then shown to lead to violent behavior (Zagar, Busch, and Hughes 281). Other precursors to later frequent offending include poor child-rearing practices, poor parental supervision, criminal parents and siblings, low family incom e, large family size, poor housing, low intelligence, and low educational attainment (Zigler and Taussig 998). Physical and/or sexual abuse are specifically risk factors for homicidal  behavior (Zagar, Busch, and Hughes 288). It has also been shown that early-onset antisocial behavior is associated with more severe outcomes compared with antisocial behavior that occurs later, and it is more likely to persist into adulthood (Olds et al. 66). In short, delinquent behaviors are said to be controlled by three factors: General deterrence which suggests a practical solution to crime: increase the certainty and severity of punishment. Punishment can be made proportionate to the seriousness of the crime, and increasing the severity of punishment will reduce delinquency. The specific deterrence concept provides a simple solution to the delinquency problem: punishing more delinquents will reduce their involvement in criminal activity. Lastly is situational crime prevention which shows the importance of situational factors in delinquent act. It can be aimed at reducing or eliminating a specific type of delinquency, rather than eliminating all delinquency through social change. ​These strategies are certainly arguable, because I stand strongly on the premise that every crime does not deserve institutionalization because prison/ jail just breeds better criminals. For example, if a kid was to shoplift video games from a store, the practical, common, and fast thing to do would be arrest, conviction, and late jail, but for what? So he or she can be institutionalized then pick up on other crimes and be released from prison a better criminal. All the prisons I have seen and or visited are loosely called â€Å"correctional institutions†; I do not think there is any type of correcting going on behind those walls. Conclusion Our justice system really needs to focus on better ways of rehabilitating our youth, or so I feel. On the other hand, I do like that some crimes have very harsh punishments because those are the ones that I see are committed less often. We also have to keep in mind that it is not society’s responsibility to raise our children, real teaching starts at home with proper parenting. In some parents’ defense, some kids are hard to maintain, but that’s when further measures should be taken, for example jail visits and the scared straight program. To reinstate, in the future there should be better prevention techniques for delinquents, a way to make them regret their actions, but in the same way, not turn them into hardened criminals or ruin their lives based on one mistake. References: Saminsky, A. (2010). Preventing juvenile delinquency: Early intervention and comprehensiveness as critical factors. (02 ed., Vol. 02, p. 3). WEB Siegel, L. (2006). Juvenile delinquency . (9 ed., p. 587). Canada: Thomson Wadsworth.